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Isaiah 8:2
The names of the righteous are recorded in books.
Isaiah 8:3
Isaiah's wife (who was also a mother) must have had some great spiritual strength, to be called a prophetess (Alma 32:23). Or the designation could simply mean "wife of a prophet".
Isaiah 8:4
The spoils of Samaria are the conquered people and wins from the campaign against Israel. 2 Kings 15:29, "carried them captive to Assyria".
Isaiah 8:5-8
In the New Testament, the Lord sent a blind man to wash in the pool of Siloam, and he was healed. The wathers of Shiloah must have been a commonly known geographic location, for it is referenced a few times (John 9:7,11). I imagine it was a peaceful place.
Isaiah is using an analogy of bodies of water. Because Judah has rejected Jehovah ("the waters .. that go softly"), they will be flooded with a river (Assyria) that will overflow its own boundaries and cover the lands.
I like the way he describes it:
It is interesting to note the differences in punctuation in 2 Nephi 18.
I wonder why he says "even the king of Assyria and all his glory." Why does he mention the king, and not just the nation? Was he a notorious leader?
Isaiah 8:7-8
The Assyrians will come upon Israel first and then Judah.
Isaiah 8:8
I can see where the Jews would adopt the attitude over the years that Jerusalem could not be destroyed, since here is a prophesy that clearly states that it shall be saved.
Isaiah 8:9-10
The Lord is telling Judah not to associate with other nations, or form alliances. He will protect them by His own power.
Isaiah 8:10
Do not trust in the arm of flesh – your mighty counsel and earthly wisdom will not stand against the power of the Lord (D&C 3:6-8).
Isaiah 8:11-15
The Lord's kingdom is not a political one, and he does not need political allies to help him win the battles.